Analisis Komposisi Mikroplastik Pada Tiga Ikan Laut Ekonomis Penting dari Pelabuhan Perikanan di Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Microplastic Composition Analysis in Three Economically Important Marine Fish from Fishing Ports in East Java, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.polusea.2024.002.02.1Keywords:
Clupea harengus, Euthynus affinis, Mikroplastik, Organ, Restrelliger brachysoma, MicroplasticsAbstract
Mikroplastik memiliki potensi tinggi untuk tersebar merata di perairan dan terakumulasi pada organisme perairan termasuk ikan. Saluran pencernaan dan organ insang merupakan bagian ikan yang seringkali terkontaminasi oleh mikroplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi mikroplastik pada ikan Clupea harengus, Euthynnus affinis, dan Restrelliger brachysoma dengan lokasi yang berbeda diantaranya Pondok Dadap Sendang Biru, Pacitan, dan Mayangan Probolinggo. Analisis dilakukan dengan identifikasi organ dan saluran pencernaan pada ketiga spesies ikan. Komposisi mikroplastik pada sampel organ ikan dianalisis dengan menghancurkan bahan organik melalui perendaman sampel pada laruta H2O2 30% dan larutan Fe (II) 0,05 M selama 24 Jam. Analisis dilanjutkan dengan penyaringan sampel menggunakan kertas Whatman dan identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop (Olympus CX33). Diantara jenis mikroplastik, fiber dan fragmen merupakan jenis mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan pada ikan Clupea harengus, Euthynnus affinis, dan Restrelliger brachysoma dibandingkan dengan jenis film. Kelimpahan total mikroplastik ditemukan lebih tinggi pada organ dibandingkan pada saluran pencernaan. Terdapat perbedaan jumlah kelimpahan mikroplastik pada ketiga spesies. Spesies Clupea harengus memiliki kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi dibandingkan dengan spesies lainnya. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kondisi ikan yang tidak dapat membedakan antara mikroplastik dan plankton sebagai mangsanya. Kebiasaan makan ikan dengan menyaring air di sekitarnya membuat ikan rentan mendapatkan plankton yang terkontaminasi mikroplastik.
Microplastics have a high potential to be evenly distributed in waters and accumulate in aquatic organisms including fish. The digestive tract and gill organs are parts of fish that are often contaminated by microplastics. This study aims to analyze the composition of microplastics in fish Clupea harengus, Euthynnus affinis, and Restrelliger brachysoma with different locations including Pondok Dadap Sendang Biru, Pacitan, and Mayangan Probolinggo. The analysis was conducted by organ identification in the three fish species. The composition of microplastics in fish organ samples was analyzed by destroying organic matter through immersion of samples in 30% H2O2 solution and 0.05 M Fe (II) solution for 24 hours. The analysis was continued by filtering the samples with Whatman paper and identifying them with a microscope (Olympus CX33). Among the types of microplastics, fibers and fragments were the most common types of microplastics found in Clupea harengus, Euthynnus affinis, and Restrelliger brachysoma compared to film types. The total abundance of microplastics was found to be higher in organs than in the digestive tract. There were differences in the abundance of microplastics among the three species. Clupea harengus species had the highest abundance of microplastics compared to other species. This is influenced by the condition of the fish, which cannot choose between microplastics and plankton as prey. Fish feeding habits by filtering the surrounding water make fish vulnerable to plankton contaminated with microplastics.
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