Water and Marine Pollution Journal: PoluSea

Analisis Komparatif Kualitas Air Sungai Ciliwung Menggunakan Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) dan Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI)

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sungai Ciliwung mengalami penurunan kualitas air akibat peningkatan aktivitas antropogenik di daerah aliran sungainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Ciliwung menggunakan dua metode indeks kualitas air, yaitu Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) dan Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), serta membandingkan sensitivitas kedua metode dalam menilai status pencemaran. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di lima titik pemantauan dari hulu hingga hilir sungai dengan lima kali ulangan. Parameter yang diukur meliputi suhu, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), amonia, fenol, timbal (Pb), dan kadmium (Cd). Hasil perhitungan WAWQI menunjukkan kisaran nilai 25,64 – 35,13 yang dikategorikan sebagai baik (Good) untuk keperluan rekreasi air, budidaya perikanan, dan irigasi, namun tidak layak untuk air minum. Sementara itu, hasil CCME WQI berkisar antara 42,41 – 70,46, dengan kategori cukup (Fair) hingga kurang (Marginal), menunjukkan sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi dalam membedakan tingkat pencemaran antar lokasi. Peningkatan pencemaran terjadi di stasiun 4 dan 5 yang ditandai dengan penurunan DO, peningkatan BOD, COD, serta kadar amonia yang melebihi baku mutu kelas 2. Perbedaan hasil kedua indeks menunjukkan bahwa CCME WQI lebih akurat dalam menggambarkan degradasi kualitas air dibandingkan WAWQI. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pengelolaan sungai yang lebih ketat terutama di bagian hilir untuk mengurangi beban pencemaran dari limbah domestik dan industri serta meningkatkan kapasitas pengolahan air limbah.

The Ciliwung River has experienced a decline in water quality due to increased anthropogenic activities in its watershed. This study aims to analyze the water quality of the Ciliwung River using two water quality index methods, Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), and to compare the sensitivity of both methods in assessing pollution status. Sampling was conducted at five monitoring points from upstream to downstream with five replicates. The measured parameters included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia, phenol, lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). The WAWQI results ranged from 25.64 to 35.13, categorizing the water as Good for water recreation, aquaculture, and irrigation, but unsuitable for drinking purposes. Meanwhile, CCME WQI scores ranged from 42.41 to 70.46, categorized as Fair to Marginal, demonstrating higher sensitivity in differentiating pollution levels across locations. Increased pollution was observed in stations 4 and 5, indicated by a decrease in DO and an increase in BOD, COD, and ammonia levels exceeding class 2 quality standards. The difference in results between the two indices suggests that CCME WQI is more accurate in depicting water quality degradation compared to WAWQI. Therefore, stricter river management strategies are required, especially in the downstream areas, to reduce pollution loads from domestic and industrial waste and enhance wastewater treatment capacity.

Analisis Distribusi Karakteristik Sampah Laut Menggunakan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) di Pantai Pulau Gili Ketapang, Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia menempati posisi kedua setelah China sebagai penyumbang sampah terbesar di dunia. Sampah laut berdampak merugikan pada lingkungan, ekosistem, dan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis distribusi dan karakteristik sampah laut di Pantai Pulau Gili Ketapang, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengambilan sampel manual dengan transek berukuran 5 × 5 m dan 1 × 1 m untuk mendapatkan data rinci mengenai jenis dan jumlah sampah, serta analisis citra Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)/Drone untuk memetakan distribusi sampah dalam cakupan area yang lebih luas. Hasil menunjukkan distribusi sampah laut bervariasi, dengan di Stasiun 3 memiliki kelimpahan sampah tertinggi dengan 38,91 item/m² untuk sampah makro dan 1,67 item/m² untuk sampah mega, yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas perikanan dan pelabuhan dan terendah di Stasiun 2 (0,91 item/m² untuk makro dan 0,10 item/m² untuk mega). Sampah plastik mendominasi dengan persentase 69,36%, terutama plastik sekali pakai. Penggunaan UAV/Drone terbukti efektif dalam memetakan distribusi spasial sampah laut secara luas, sementara sampling manual memberikan informasi lebih rinci mengenai jenis sampah. Integrasi kedua metode ini menghasilkan analisis yang lebih komprehensif dalam memahami pola persebaran sampah laut.

Indonesia ranks second after China as the largest contributor to marine debris globally. Marine debris has detrimental impacts on the environment, ecosystems, and human life. This study aims to analyses the distribution and characteristics of marine debris on the coast of Gili Ketapang Island, Probolinggo Regency. The methods used include manual sampling with transects measuring 5 × 5 m and 1 × 1 m to obtain detailed data on the types and quantities of debris, as well as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)/Drone imagery analysis to map the debris distribution over a broader area. The results indicate that marine debris distribution varies, with the highest abundance at Station 3, recording 38.91 items/m² for macro debris and 1.67 items/m² for mega debris, influenced by fishing activities and the presence of a harbour, while the lowest was found at Station 2 (0.91 items/m² for macro and 0.10 items/m² for mega debris). Plastic waste dominated, accounting for 69.36%, primarily consisting of single-use plastics. The use of UAV/Drone proved effective in mapping the spatial distribution of marine debris on a large scale, while manual sampling provided more detailed information on debris types. The integration of both methods resulted in a more comprehensive analysis of marine debris distribution patterns.

Distribusi Parameter Fisika-Kimia Perairan di sekitar Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Muara Karang, Teluk Jakarta, Indonesia

Lumban Nauli Lumban Toruan — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) berkontribusi terhadap perubahan parameter perairan melalui pelepasan limbah termal dan polutan lainnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis distribusi parameter fisika-kimia di sekitar PLTU Muara Karang, Teluk Jakarta, untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan akibat aktivitas PLTU. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada sembilan stasiun, dengan parameter yang diukur mencakup suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, kekeruhan, pH, dan oksigen terlarut. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan korelasi Pearson, uji ANOVA, dan pemetaan spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu tertinggi ditemukan di stasiun yang berada di jalur pembuangan air pendingin PLTU, yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan oksigen terlarut. Korelasi negatif yang signifikan ditemukan antara suhu dan oksigen terlarut, serta antara kekeruhan dan oksigen terlarut. Analisis varians menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar stasiun dalam parameter suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, dan kekeruhan (p<0,05). Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa aktivitas PLTU memberikan dampak nyata terhadap kualitas perairan sekitar, terutama dalam meningkatkan stres termal dan sedimentasi. Studi ini menyoroti pentingnya penerapan strategi mitigasi, seperti sistem pendinginan yang lebih efisien, untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dari PLTU di wilayah pesisir.

Power plants contribute to changes in water quality through the release of thermal effluents and other pollutants. This study analyzes the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters around the Muara Karang Power Plant, Jakarta Bay, to evaluate its environmental impacts. Water sampling was conducted at nine stations, measuring temperature, salinity, turbidity, water clarity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Data analysis included Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and spatial mapping. The results indicate that the highest temperatures were recorded at stations near the plant’s cooling water discharge points, leading to a significant decrease in dissolved oxygen levels. A strong negative correlation was observed between temperature and dissolved oxygen, as well as between turbidity and dissolved oxygen. ANOVA results revealed significant differences among stations for temperature, salinity, water clarity, and turbidity (p < 0.05). These findings confirm that the power plant's activities have a notable impact on water quality, particularly by increasing thermal stress and sedimentation. This study highlights the need for mitigation strategies, such as more efficient cooling systems, to minimize the environmental impact of power plants on coastal ecosystems.

Nutrient Dynamics and Phytoplankton Communities in Coastal Ecosystems of Lamongan, Indonesia

Qurrota A'yun, Mariah Nabilah, Muhammad Arif Asadi, Defri Yona, Dian Aliviyanti — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Coastal waters are critical transition zones sensitive to both natural processes and anthropogenic pressures. Lamongan’s coastal waters, especially around Paciran and Brondong, have undergone increasing nutrient stress due to expanding fisheries and tourism. This study aimed to assess how key water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate) shape phytoplankton abundance and community structure in Paciran and Brondong, Lamongan Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected from four stations over three sampling campaigns between May and July 2023, with each campaign separated by approximately two weeks. A total of 12 water samples were analyzed for nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton composition, employing standardized water sampling and microscopic identification of phytoplankton genera. Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ, while nutrient analyses were conducted in the laboratory using spectrophotometry. Ecological indices and statistical modeling were then applied to elucidate driving factors. Results show that elevated nitrate and warm temperatures corresponded with higher phytoplankton abundance, predominantly Diatoms. Chaetoceros emerged as the dominant genus, indicating eutrophic tendencies and aligning with observations in similarly impacted coastal areas. Despite moderate overall diversity, the clear correlation between nutrient enrichment and Chaetoceros proliferation underscores the risk of future harmful algal blooms under unchecked anthropogenic inputs. These findings confirm that the interplay of nutrient loading, temperature regimes, and localized hydrodynamics critically influences primary productivity in tropical coastal waters. In summary, this study highlights the vulnerability of Paciran and Brondong waters to eutrophication driven primarily by excessive nitrogen. The implications extend to resource management and conservation, suggesting that multi-nutrient control and proactive monitoring of diatom dominance are essential to sustaining ecological balance. By providing empirical evidence on critical drivers of phytoplankton dynamics, the research supports informed decision-making to mitigate negative impacts on marine ecosystems and local livelihoods.

Komposisi dan Kepadatan Sampah Plastik Berdasarkan Ukuran di Wilayah Pantai Pasuruan, Jawa Timur

Dwi Nurjanatin Arifianti, Gibran Aji Basutikto, M. Arif Zainul Fuad, Defri Yona — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sampah merupakan masalah telah menjadi krisis global dari daratan hingga lautan. Indonesia sendiri merupakan penghasil sampah plastik terbesar kedua di dunia. Salah satu sampah yang mendominasi di lautan adalah sampah plastik. Sumber sampah plastik yang bermuara di laut banyak berasal dari limbah industri dan rumah tangga. Keberadaan sampah plastik perlu diidentifikasi dan dianalisa kelimpahannya untuk menanggulangi dan mencegah persebarannya di lingkungan. Berdasarkan kondisi yang ada, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis sampah plastik serta kepadatannya di kelima pantai yang berbeda di daerah Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode transek kuadran dengan ukuran 5x5 m yang dibentangkan di sepanjang kelima pantai tersebut dan diidentifikasi komposisi jenis sampah pada setiap transek kuadran tersebut. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa Pantai Tambaan memiliki persentase sampah plastik tertinggi dan Pantai Panggungrejo memiliki kepadatan sampah tertinggi daripada wilayah pantai yang lain. Kedua pantai tersebut dekat dengan wilayah pemukiman dan terindikasi padatanya aktivitas antropogenik di kedua pantai tersebut, sehingga menyumbang sampah yang cukup signifikan terutama sampah plastik.

Waste is a problem that has become a global crisis from ldan to sea. Indonesia is the second largest producer of plastic waste in the world. One of the dominating waste in the ocean is plastic waste. The source of plastic waste that empties into the sea comes from industrial dan household waste. The presence of plastic waste needs to be identified dan analyzed for its abundance to overcome dan prevent its spread in the environment. Based on the existing conditions, this article aims to determine the composition of plastic waste types dan their density on five different beaches in the Pasuruan area. This study used the 5x5 m quadrant transect method along the five beaches dan identified the composition of waste types in each quadrant transect. It was found that Tambaan Beach had the highest percentage of plastic waste dan Panggungrejo Beach had the highest density of waste compared to other beach areas. Both beaches are close to residential areas dan indicated the density of anthropogenic activities on both beaches, thus contributing significant waste, especially plastic waste.