Analisis Senyawa Organik Volatil (VOC) Asosiasi Makroplastik di Pesisir, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur

Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Associated with Macroplastics in Coastal of Malang Regency, East Java

Abstract

Senyawa kimia yang berasosiasi dengan sampah plastik di laut dapat terjadi karena bahan dari produk plastik itu sendiri atau kontaminan kimia yang berada di lautan dan terakumulasi pada plastik saat menjadi sampah laut. Senyawa kimia yang berasosiasi dengan sampah plastik di lautan adalah POPs, PAH, TPH. Kelompok senyawa tersebut umumnya menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan masalah kesehatan seperti kanker, alergi serta iritasi, mutasi genetik dan merusak susunan saraf. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi komposisi senyawa organik volatil yang berasosiasi dengan makroplastik di pantai selatan, Kabupaten Malang serta mengetahui persentase dari senyawa kimianya dan mengetahui potensi dampak dari senyawa organik volatil yang berasosiasi dengan sampah laut. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dibuat menjadi enam stasiun di sepanjang Pesisir Kabupaten Malang. Sampah akan diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan metode composite sampling. Sampel yang sudah dikumpulkan dipotong kecil lalu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut benzena dan setelah itu diidentifikasi menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat enam senyawa kimia yang dominan yaitu seperti trans -2-Chloro -3 - (1,1 - dimethylehyl) cyclohexanone (PAH); 3-Methyl-1,1-diphenyl-1,2-butanediol (POP); 4,4-Dimethyl-1-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene (POP); 7-Hydroxy-7-phenyl-3,9-diisopropyl-2,10-dioxadispiro (TPC); Benzenemethanol,.alpha.-phenyl-(CAS), Diphenylmethanol (PAH); Cyclohexanone,3-(3,3-dimethylbutyl) (CAS) (3,3Dimethylbuthyl) Cyclohe xanone (POP). Hampir semua senyawa kimia yang teridentifikasi berpengaruh buruk terhadap lingkungan. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut merupakan bahan baku dari pembuatan produk plastik, parfum, deterjen, solar, alat kosmetik, serta bahan kimia farmasi.

Chemical compounds associated with plastic waste in the sea can occur due to materials from the plastic product itself or chemical contaminants that are in the ocean and accumulate in plastic when it becomes marine waste. Chemical compounds associated with plastic waste in the ocean are POPs, PAH, and TPH. These groups of compound generally cause environmental pollution and health problems such as cancer, allergies and irritation, genetic mutations and damage to the nervous system. The aim of this study was to identify the composition of volatile organic compounds associated with macroplastics in South Coastal of Malang, as well as to determine the percentage of chemical compounds and determine the potential impact of volatile organic compounds associated with marine debris. The plastic samples were collected from six stations in the coastal of Malang Regency. Plastic wastes were collected using the purposive sampling method and composite sampling method. The samples that had been collected were cut into small pieces and then extracted using the maceration method using benzene solvent and then identified using GC-MS. The results showed that there were six dominant chemical compounds, namely trans - 2 - Chloro - 3 - (1,1 - dimethylehyl) cyclohexanone (PAH); 3-Methyl-1,1-diphenyl-1,2-butanediol (POP); 4,4-Dimethyl-1-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene (POP); 7-Hydroxy-7-phenyl-3,9-diisopropyl-2,10-dioxadispiro (TPC); Benzenemethanol,.alpha.-phenyl-(CAS) Diphenylmethanol (PAH); Cyclohexanone,3-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-(CAS) (3,3Dimethylbuthyl) Cyclohexanone (POP). Almost all chemical compounds which had been identified showed negative effects in the environment. These compounds are raw materials for the manufacture of plastic products, perfume, detergent, diesel, cosmetic equipment, and pharmaceutical chemicals.